SA Medicine 86号(2013年08月号)　特集「診断シリーズ -疾患からみた検査の考え方- Vol.10『循環器疾患』」

■『身体検査』柴﨑 哲先生 著
1．多川政弘，局博一監訳：犬と猫の呼吸器疾患, 2007．インターズー.
2．Fox, P.R., Sisson, D., Moise, N.S.: Canine and Feline Cardiology, 2nd ed, 1999, Saunders.

■『心電図検査』藤井洋子先生 著
1．Santilli RA, Spadacini G, Moretti P, et al. Anatomic distribution and electrophysiologic properties of accessory atrioventricular pathways in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;231:393-398.
2．Miller MS TL, Smith FWK, Fox PR. Electrocardiography. In: Fox PR SD, Moise NS., ed. Textbook of canine and feline cardiology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1999:78-79.
3．Miller MS TL, Smith FWK, Fox PR. Electrocardiography. In: Fox PR SD, Moise NS., ed. Textbook of canine and feline cardiology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1999:84-87.
4．Oguchi Y, Hamlin RL. Rate of change of QT interval in response to a sudden change in the heart rate in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1994;55:1618-1623.
5．Spence S, Soper K, Hoe CM, et al. The heart rate-corrected QT interval of conscious beagle dogs: a formula based on analysis of covariance. Toxicol Sci 1998;45:247-258.
6．King A, Bailie M, Olivier NB. Magnitude of error introduced by application of heart rate correction formulas to the canine QT interval. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2006;11:289-298.
7．Nahas K, Geffray B. QT interval measurement in the dog: chest leads versus limb leads. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2004;50:201-207.
8．Indik JH, Pearson EC, Fried K, et al. Bazett and Fridericia QT correction formulas interfere with measurement of drug-induced changes in QT interval. Heart Rhythm 2006;3:1003-1007.

■『血液・血液生化学検査（CBC，生化学）』堀 泰智先生 著
1．Anker SD, Chua TP, Ponikowski P, et al. (1997): Hormonal changes and catabolic/anabolic imbalance in chronic heart failure and their importance for cardiac cachexia. Circulation, 96: 526-534.
2．Anker SD, Coats AJ. (1999): Cardiac cachexia: a syndrome with impaired survival and immune and neuroendocrine activation. Chest, 115: 836-847.
3．Anker SD, Ponikowski P, Varney S, et al. (1997): Wasting as independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure. Lancet, 349: 1050-1053.
4．Arques S, Roux E, Stolidi P, et al. (2011): Usefulness of serum albumin and serum total cholesterol in the prediction of hospital death in older patients with severe, acute heart failure. Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis., 104: 502-508.
5．Carr JG, Stevenson LW, Walden JA, et al. (1989): Prevalence and hemodynamic correlates of malnutrition in severe congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am. J. Cardiol., 63: 709-713.
6．Cole RT, Masoumi A, Triposkiadis F, et al. (2012): Renal dysfunction in heart failure. Med. Clin. North Am., 96: 955-974.
7．Costache II, Cimpoe?u D, Petri? O, et al. (2012): Electrolyte disturbances in patients with chronic heart failure–clinical, evolutive and therapeutic implications. Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi., 116: 708-713.
8．Davos CH, Doehner W, Rauchhaus M, et al. (2003): Body mass and survival in patients with chronic heart failure without cachexia: the importance of obesity. J. Card. Fail., 9: 29-35.
9．Ezekowitz JA, McAlister FA, Armstrong PW. (2003): Anemia is common in heart failure and is associated with poor outcomes: insights from a cohort of 12065 patients with new-onset heart failure. Circulation, 107: 223-225.
10．Freeman LM, Rush JE, Kehayias JJ, et al. (1998): Nutritional alterations and the effect of fish oil supplementation in dogs with heart failure. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 12: 440-448.
11．Groenveld HF, Januzzi JL, Damman K, et al. (2008): Anemia and mortality in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 52: 818-827.
12．Jankowska EA, von Haehling S, Anker SD, et al. (2013): Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives. Eur. Heart J., 34: 816-829.
13．Liu M, Chan CP, Yan BP, et al. (2012): Albumin levels predict survival in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Eur. J. Heart Fail., 14: 39-44.
14．Nicolle AP, Chetboul V, Allerheiligen T, et al. (2007): Azotemia and glomerular filtration rate in dogs with chronic valvular disease. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 21: 943-949.
15．Mancini DM, Walter G, Reichek N, et al. (1992): Contribution of skeletal muscle atrophy to exercise intolerance and altered muscle metabolism in heart failure. Circulation, 85: 1364-1373.
16．Hori Y, Takusagawa F, Ikadai H, et al. (2007): Effects of oral administration of furosemide and torsemide in healthy dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 68: 1058-1063.
17．O’Meara E, Clayton T, McEntegart MB, et al. (2006): Clinical correlates and consequences of anemia in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure: results of the Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) Program. Circulation, 113: 986-994.
18．Pasini E, Aquilani R, Dioguardi FS, et al. (2008): Hypercatabolic syndrome: molecular basis and effects of nutritional supplements with amino acids. Am. J. Cardiol., 101: 11E-15E.
19．Poelzl G, Ess M, Von der Heidt A, et al. (2012): Concomitant renal and hepatic dysfunctions in chronic heart failure: Clinical implications and prognostic significance. Eur. J. Intern. Med., 24: 177-182.
20．Roubenoff R, Kehayias JJ. (1991): The meaning and measurement of lean body mass. Nutr. Rev., 49: 163-175.
21．Stanojevic D, Apostolovic S, Jankovic-Tomasevic R, et al. (2012): Prevalence of renal dysfunction and its influence on functional capacity in elderly patients with stable chronic heart failure. Vojnosanit. Pregl., 69: 840-845.
22．Weber CS, Beck-da-Silva L, Goldraich LA, et al. (2013): Anemia in heart failure: association of hepcidin levels to iron deficiency in stable outpatients. Acta. Haematol., 129: 55-61.
23．Yamamoto E, Sato Y, Sawa T, et al. (2012): Correlation between serum concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide and albumin in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Int. Heart J., 53: 234-237.
24．監修: 岩﨑敏郎, 辻本 元. (2005): 獣医内科学(小動物編). In: 付表2. 各検査項目の基準範囲. P. 618-629. 東京, 文永堂出版.

■『心臓バイオマーカー』堀 泰智先生 著
1．Asano, K., Masuda, K., Okumura, M., et al. (1999): Plasma atrial and brain natriuretic peptide levels in dogs with congestive heart failure. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 61, 523-529.
2．Boswood, A., Dukes-McEwan, J., Loureiro, J., et al. (2008): The diagnostic accuracy of different natriuretic peptides in the investigation of canine cardiac disease. J. Small Anim. Pract., 49, 26-32.
3．DeFrancesco, T. C., Rush, J. E., Rozanski, E. A., et al. (2007): Prospective clinical evaluation of an ELISA B-type natriuretic peptide assay in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in dogs presenting with cough or dyspnea. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 21, 243-250.
4．Fishbein MC, Wang T, Matijasevic M, et al. (2003): Myocardial tissue troponins T and I. An immunohistochemical study in experimental models of myocardial ischemia. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 12, 65-71.
5．Hori, Y., Sano, N., Kanai, K., et al. (2010): Acute cardiac volume load-related changes in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in healthy dogs. Vet. J., 185, 317-321.
6．Hori Y, Yamano S, Kanai K, et al. (2011): Clinical implications of measurement of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in dogs with spontaneous heart disease. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 239: 1077-1083.
7．Hori Y, Ohshima N, Chikazawa S, et al. (2012): Myocardial injury-related changes in plasma NT-proBNP and ANP concentrations in a canine model of ischemic myocardial injury. Vet. J., 191: 46-51.
8．Kanno N, Hori Y, Hidaka Y, Hagio M, Chikazawa S, Hoshi F. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in dogs with right-sided congestive heart failure. J. Vet. Intern. Med.,(投稿中)
9．Lisy, O., Redfield, M. M., Schirger, J. A., et al. (2005): Atrial BNP endocrine function during chronic unloading of the normal canine heart. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 288, R158-162.
10．Luchner, A., Stevens, T. L., Borgeson, D. D., et al. (1998): Differential atrial and ventricular expression of myocardial BNP during evolution of heart failure. Am. J. Physiol., 274, H1684-1689.
11．Nagaya, N., Nishikimi, T., Okano, Y., et al. (1998): Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels increase in proportion to the extent of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 31, 202-208.
12．Oosterhof, T., Tulevski, I. I., Vliegen, H. W., et al. (2006): Effects of volume and/or pressure overload secondary to congenital heart disease (tetralogy of fallot or Pulmonary Stenosis) on right ventricular function using cardiovascular magnetic resonance and B-type natriuretic peptide levels. Am. J. Cardiol., 97, 1051-1055.
13．Oyama, M. A., Fox, P. R., Rush, J. E., et al. (2008): Clinical utility of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration for identifying cardiac disease in dogs and assessing disease severity. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 232, 1496-1503.
14．Qi, W., Kjekshus, J., and C. Hall (2000): Differential responses of plasma atrial and brain natriuretic peptides to acute alteration in atrial pressure in pigs. Scand, J, Clin, Lab, Invest., 60, 55-63.
15．Ruskoaho, H. (2003): Cardiac hormones as diagnostic tools in heart failure. Endocr. Rev., 24, 341-356.
16．Takemura, N., Toda, N., Miyagawa, Y., et al. (2009): Evaluation of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations in dogs with mitral valve insufficiency. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 71, 925-929.
17．Voss EM, Sharkey SW, Gernert AE, et al. (1995): Human and canine cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-MB distribution in normal and diseased myocardium. Infarct sizing using serum profiles. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 119, 799-806.